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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 3.20.13
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
TEXT 13
- rajaḥ-pradhānān mahatas
- tri-liṅgo daiva-coditāt
- jātaḥ sasarja bhūtādir
- viyad-ādīni pañcaśaḥ
rajaḥin which the element of rajas , or passion, predominates-pradhānātin which the element of rajas , or passion, predominates — in which the element of rajas, or passion, predominates; mahataḥfrom the mahat-tattva — from the mahat-tattva; triof three kinds-liṅgaḥof three kinds — of three kinds; daivaimpelled by superior authority-coditātimpelled by superior authority — impelled by superior authority; jātaḥwas born — was born; sasarjaevolved — evolved; bhūtathe false ego (origin of the material elements)-ādiḥthe false ego (origin of the material elements) — the false ego (origin of the material elements); viyatthe ether — the ether; ādīnibeginning with — beginning with; pañcaśaḥin groups of five — in groups of five.
As impelled by the destiny of the jīva, the false ego, which is of three kinds, evolved from the mahat-tattva, in which the element of rajas predominates. From the ego, in turn, evolved many groups of five principles.
The primordial matter, or prakṛti, material nature, consisting of three modes, generates four groups of five. The first group is called elementary and consists of earth, water, fire, air and ether. The second group of five is called tan-mātra, referring to the subtle elements (sense objects): sound, touch, form, taste and smell. The third group is the five sense organs for acquiring knowledge: eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The fourth group is the five working senses: speech, hands, feet, anus and genitals. Some say that there are five groups of five. One group is the sense objects, one is the five elements, one is the five sense organs for acquiring knowledge, another is the senses for working, and the fifth group is the five deities who control these divisions.