Sāṅkhya

In BG 5.4, the source synonym entry gives:

sāṅkhya — analytical study of the material world

Translation for context

Only the ignorant speak of devotional service [karma-yoga] as being different from the analytical study of the material world [Sāṅkhya]. Those who are actually learned say that he who applies himself well to one of these paths achieves the results of both.

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