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Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 3.10.21
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
TEXT 21
- tiraścām aṣṭamaḥ sargaḥ
- so 'ṣṭāviṁśad-vidho mataḥ
- avido bhūri-tamaso
- ghrāṇa-jñā hṛdy avedinaḥ
tiraścāmspecies of lower animals — species of lower animals; aṣṭamaḥthe eighth — the eighth; sargaḥcreation — creation; saḥthey are — they are; aṣṭāviṁśattwenty-eight — twenty-eight; vidhaḥvarieties — varieties; mataḥconsidered — considered; avidaḥwithout knowledge of tomorrow — without knowledge of tomorrow; bhūriextensively — extensively; tamasaḥignorant — ignorant; ghrāṇacan know desirables by smell-jñāḥcan know desirables by smell — can know desirables by smell; hṛdican remember very little in the heart avedinaḥcan remember very little in the heart — can remember very little in the heart.
The eighth creation is that of the lower species of life, and they are of different varieties, numbering twenty-eight. They are all extensively foolish and ignorant. They know their desirables by smell, but are unable to remember anything within the heart.
In the Vedas the symptoms of the lower animals are described as follows: athetareṣāṁ paśūnāḥ aśanāpipāse evābhivijñānaṁ na vijñātaṁ vadanti na vijñātaṁ paśyanti na viduḥ śvastanaṁ na lokālokāv iti; yad vā, bhūri-tamaso bahu-ruṣaḥ ghrāṇenaiva jānanti hṛdyaṁ prati svapriyaṁ vastv eva vindanti bhojana-śayanādy-arthaṁ gṛhṇanti. "Lower animals have knowledge only of their hunger and thirst. They have no acquired knowledge, no vision. Their behavior exhibits no dependence on formalities. Extensively ignorant, they can know their desirables only by smell, and by such intelligence only can they understand what is favorable and unfavorable. Their knowledge is concerned only with eating and sleeping." Therefore, even the most ferocious lower animals, such as tigers, can be tamed simply by regularly supplying meals and accommodations for sleeping. Only snakes cannot be tamed by such an arrangement.