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Bhagavad-gītā 18.14
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A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
TEXT 14
- अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् ।
- विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ॥१४॥
- adhiṣṭhānaṁ tathā kartā
- karaṇaṁ ca pṛthag-vidham
- vividhāś ca pṛthak ceṣṭā
- daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam
adhiṣṭhānamthe place — the place; tathāalso — also; kartāthe worker — the worker; karaṇaminstruments — instruments; caand — and; pṛthakof different kinds-vidhamof different kinds — of different kinds; vividhāḥvarious — various; caand — and; pṛthakseparate — separate; ceṣṭāḥthe endeavors — the endeavors; daivamthe Supreme — the Supreme; caalso — also; evacertainly — certainly; atrahere — here; pañcamamthe fifth — the fifth.
The place of action [the body], the performer, the various senses, the many different kinds of endeavor, and ultimately the Supersoul—these are the five factors of action.
The word adhiṣṭhānam refers to the body. The soul within the body is acting to bring about the results of activity and is therefore known as kartā, "the doer." That the soul is the knower and the doer is stated in the śruti. Eṣa hi draṣṭā sraṣṭā (Praśna Upaniṣad 4.9). It is also confirmed in the Vedānta-sūtra by the verses jño 'ta eva (2.3.18) and kartā śāstrārthavattvāt (2.3.33). The instruments of action are the senses, and by the senses the soul acts in various ways. For each and every action there is a different endeavor. But all one's activities depend on the will of the Supersoul, who is seated within the heart as a friend. The Supreme Lord is the supercause. Under these circumstances, he who is acting in Kṛṣṇa consciousness under the direction of the Supersoul situated within the heart is naturally not bound by any activity. Those in complete Kṛṣṇa consciousness are not ultimately responsible for their actions. Everything is dependent on the supreme will, the Supersoul, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.